Pediatric Electrocardiography — Clinical Electrocardiography & EP

Important

Reference chapters covering age-specific norms, congenital heart diseases, arrhythmias, channelopathies, and critical care.

Chapters

Module Number	Topic Title	Core Clinical Focus
01	01. Fundamental Electrophysiology, Standardization, and Lead Placement	Lead physics, right precordial leads ($V_3R/V_4R$), calibration standards, rate formulas.
02	02. Developmental Cardiology and Age-Specific Normative Standards	Fetal-to-neonatal transition, Davignon percentile tables, $T(V_1)$ evolution, benign variants.
03	03. Cardiac Axis, Vectorcardiography, and Fascicular Conduction	Hexaxial system, Superior axis differential, LAFB, LPFB, vector loops.
04	04. Atrial and Ventricular Chamber Enlargement	P-pulmonale, P-mitrale, RVH (Park/Davignon), LVH, Katz-Wachtel BVH phenomenon.
05	05. Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Conduction Blocks	1st, 2nd (Mobitz I & II), 3rd degree CCHB (Anti-Ro/La), pacing indications.
06	06. Intraventricular Conduction Delays and Bundle Branch Blocks	Complete/Incomplete RBBB, LBBB, non-specific IVCD, post-surgical bundle branch injuries.
07	07. Ventricular Pre-Excitation and Accessory Pathway Syndromes	WPW triad, pathway localization, Ebstein anomaly, Danon/Pompe, RF/Cryoablation.
08	08. Pediatric Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias	AVRT vs AVNRT vs A-Flutter vs AET vs PJRT, Adenosine protocol, cardioversion.
09	09. Pediatric Ventricular Arrhythmias and Wide Complex Tachycardias	WCT differentiation (VT vs aberrancy), AV dissociation, capture/fusion beats, resuscitation.
10	10. Inherited Channelopathies and Sudden Cardiac Death Syndromes	LQTS (Schwartz score), Torsades de Pointes, Brugada syndrome, CPVT, Beta-blockers/ICD.
11	11. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Signatures	Secundum ASD (crochetage), Primum ASD (superior axis), VSD hemodynamics, PDA, Coarctation.
12	12. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Signatures	TOF, TGA, Tricuspid Atresia, Ebstein (Himalayan P), TAPVC, $PGE_1$ and spell protocols.
13	13. Fetal and Neonatal Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias	Fetal hydrops, neonatal TMIN, HIE myocardial injury, hsPDA in preterms, flutter.
14	14. Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies and ALCAPA	Bland-White-Garland syndrome, coronary steal, anterolateral infarct Q waves, surgery.
15	15. Genetic Syndromes, Metabolic Storage Diseases, and the Heart	Down, Turner, Noonan, Williams, Pompe, Danon, Friedreich ataxia, Holt-Oram.
16	16. Pediatric Myopericardial and Inflammatory Diseases	Acute Myocarditis, Pericarditis stages, Kawasaki Disease coronary aneurysms, MIS-C.
17	17. Pediatric Cardiomyopathies	DCM, HCM (septal/apical), Restrictive, ARVD, LVNC, risk stratification and ICD.
18	18. Electrolyte Derangements and Metabolic Crises	Hyperkalemia progression to sine wave, Hypokalemia, Hypo/Hypercalcemia, emergency IV calcium.
19	19. Drug Effects, Toxicities, and Poisonings in Children	TCA poisoning (terminal R in aVR), Digoxin toxicity, Beta-blocker/CCB overdose, antidotes.
20	20. Post-Operative Pediatric Cardiac Surgical ECGs	Post-TOF RBBB & late VT risk, Post-Fontan IART, Post-ASO ischemia, Post-VSD heart block.
21	21. Pediatric Syncope, POTS, and Autonomic Disorders	Neurally mediated vs cardiogenic syncope, POTS diagnostic criteria, tilt testing.
22	22. Pediatric Sports Cardiology and Athlete ECG Screening	International athlete criteria, normal vs abnormal ECGs, Commotio Cordis resuscitation.
23	23. Single Ventricle Physiology and the Palliative Surgical Pathway	Norwood $\to$ Glenn $\to$ Fontan electrical remodeling, IART ablation, epicardial pacing.
24	24. Critical Care Pediatric Electrocardiography and Resuscitation	PALS shockable vs non-shockable arrest algorithms, H's & T's matrix, ECMO electrical signs.
25	25. Systematic Clinical Algorithm, Rapid Differential Matrices, and Case Spotters	10-step reading protocol, master differential matrix, multi-lead clinical case studies.